Jan 5, 2024 ... The first news video of 2024! Vinegar Syndrome announces their January titles kicking off with their Subscriber Week. Plus Kino is going to ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Jan 26, 2023 ... It's a time to go over my 10 favourite releases from Vinegar Syndrome from 2022. Join this channel to get access to perks and to help ...Vinegar Syndrome has also gone all out on the packaging. The disc includes some nice reversible sleeve artwork and, if purchased from the Vinegar Syndrome website, this set comes with a spot gloss hard slipcase/slipcover combo designed by Chris Barnes as well as a full color, forty-page perfect bound book limited to 8,000 units. The book ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion …Vinegar Syndrome is a film distribution company and archive with a focus on preserving rare and unique cinema.Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Feb 7, 2024 ... My Entire Vinegar Syndrome Blu-Ray/4K Collection Well folks, it's that time, time to start showing off my entire Blu-ray collection.Jan 2, 2024 ... It was my immense honor to have a discussion with Oscar Becher, the Film Archivist at Vinegar Syndrome. As it is Subscribers Week and ... Directed by: Gorman Bechard. Starring: Frances Raines, Mark Walker, Carmine Capobianco, Gorman Bechard. 1984 / 84 minutes / Color / 1.85:1 OAR. Region free Blu-ray. Newly scanned and restored in 2k from 16mm vault elements. Commentary track with: Gorman Bechard (writer / director) and Carmine Capobianco (actor) "Dissecting Disconnected ... starring: Donna Wilkes, Rory Calhoun, Susan Tyrrell, Cliff Gorman, Dick Shawn. 1983 / 93 min / 1.85:1. Additional info: Region Free Blu-ray. Newly scanned & restored in 4k from its 35mm interpositive. “Discovering an Angel” - an interview with co-writer/director Robert Vincent O’Neil. “Playing Both Sides” - an interview with actress ... Vinegar Syndrome has announced its October batch of 4K Blu-ray and Blu-ray releases. They are: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Part 2 (1986), The Werewolf Versus the Vampire Woman (1971), Don't Open ...Jun 19, 2020 ... What is vinegar syndrome? Early on, Kodak and other companies that made film stock knew that nitrate film was flammable and potentially ... Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ... Vinegar Syndrome. WSU Libraries preserves local photo collection susceptible to vinegar syndrome. March 10, 2024. The grand opening of Dissmore's. A family's ... A psychedelic proto-slasher by way of Sunset Blvd, HOLLYWOOD HORROR HOUSE (aka SAVAGE INTRUDER) was shot on and off between late 1969 and mid 1973 by writer/producer/director Donald Wolfe, with funds from his star home bus tour company. Chock full of lurid, candy-colored freak-outs shot by John Morrill (A Boy and His Dog) along with ... According to Minerva Medica, floating rib syndrome is a condition characterized by a deep, continuous pain in the bottom of the chest and top of the abdomen. Floating rib syndrome ... A gritty melting pot of De Palma-like shocks and Carpenter-esque tension, EFFECTS is a meta-enhanced takedown on the philosophy of horror that doubles as a sleazy and chilling movie on its own. AGFA is honored to present the worldwide UHD debut of EFFECTS, newly restored in 4K from its original, long-lost 16mm camera negative. Asperger Syndrome is an old diagnosis, and doctors do not use it anymore. People with this health condition are now considered to have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a social beha...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome announced today that it has formed a new sublabel, Vinegar Syndrome Pictures (VSP), and the upcoming 4K Bu-ray releases of New York Ninja (2021) and Censor (2021). Label statement ...Vinegar Syndrome, the iconic restoration company focused on independent films and horror, is celebrating its tenth anniversary in grand style. Besides promising to expand its horror...Vinegar Syndrome's Blu-ray release of Champagne And Bullets, which is limited to 6,000 copies, will make fans of John De Hart's amazing film shimmy slide with happiness! Not only does it include the two video versions of the film but it also offers the original version newly restored with a commentary and an interview with the man himself …directed by: Rowdy Herrington. starring: Patrick Swayze, Kelly Lynch, Sam Elliott, Ben Gazzara, Kevin Tighe, Kathleen Wilhoite. 1989 / 114 min / 2.35:1 / English Stereo. Additional info: 4K Ultra HD / Region A 2-disc Blu-ray Set. 4K UHD presented in High-Dynamic-Range. Newly scanned & restored in 4K from its 35mm original camera negative.The Blu-ray edition from Vinegar Syndrome, however, looks gorgeous and sounds very good – on top of that, it offers up a nice array of extra features. Recommended to slasher fans. Click on the images below, or right click and open in a new window, for full sized Evil Judgement Blu-ray screen caps!Vinegar Syndrome has also included a nineteen-minute video interview with Watkin's historian and friend, Art Ettinger of Ultra-Violent magazine. In this segment, Ettinger speaks about how Watkins came to be involved in the picture, the director's thoughts on the films and the other adult pictures she shot over the …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome Ultra. Road House. 0 out of 5 star rating. 0 Reviews. $34.99. $49.98. Edition Type. SKU: VSU-004. Quantity - +. Over 1000 left in stock. My checklist. Have it … starring: Tatum O'Neal, Kristy McNichol, Armand Assante, Matt Dillon, Cynthia Nixon. 1980 / 96 min / 2.35:1 / English DTS-HD MA 2.0. Additional info: Region Free UHD/Region A Blu-ray. New 4K Restoration from the Original Camera Negative, presented in HDR on the UHD disc with original stereo soundtrack. Audio Commentary with director Ron Maxwell. Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Vinegar Syndrome’s UHD/Blu-ray release is impressive, presenting the movie in three versions and in beautiful condition with some interesting supplements …Corruption arrives on region free Blu-ray from Vinegar Syndrome in an AVC encoded 1080p high definition transfer 'restored in 2k from 35mm archival elements' and framed at 1.78.1 widescreen. The presentation quality here, and in fact the entire disc, mirrors the 2015 release from the label. Detail is remarkably strong here while skin tones …Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that impacts the large intestine. It typically begins in late adolescence or adulthood, and, although it... directed by: Rowdy Herrington. starring: Patrick Swayze, Kelly Lynch, Sam Elliott, Ben Gazzara, Kevin Tighe, Kathleen Wilhoite. 1989 / 114 min / 2.35:1 / English Stereo. Additional info: 4K Ultra HD / Region A 2-disc Blu-ray Set. 4K UHD presented in High-Dynamic-Range. Newly scanned & restored in 4K from its 35mm original camera negative. Vinegar Syndrome is thrilled to present TRAUMA on Blu-ray, newly restored in 4K and debut its longest and most complete version ever, with the complete English dialogue track totally intact for the very first time. directed by: Dario Argento. starring: Asia Argento, James Russo, Piper Laurie, Frederic Forrest, Brad Dourif. Wallenberg syndrome is also known as a lateral medullary syndrome or PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) Syndrome. It is a condition of the central nervous system after a s...Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that impacts the large intestine. It typically begins in late adolescence or adulthood, and, although it...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome. Phase IV. 0 out of 5 star rating. 0 Reviews. $44.99. $62.98. Edition Type. SKU: VS-460 CASE. Quantity - +. Over 1000 left in stock. My checklist. Have it …You can normally smell vinegar syndrome before you can see it. The side effect of the film substrate breaking down is the production of acetic acid: the biggest ...Vinegar Syndrome Toronto. Vinegar Syndrome is the place you want to be if you're a Toronto cinephile. The wildly popular American film restoration and distribution company, Vinegar Syndrome opened ...Home; Productions. El rayo es siempre una opción · The floating track · Waiting · The vinegar syndrome · Conversus · Mara Mara · Homing &m...Navy Seals (1990) [Vinegar Syndrome Ultra 4K Ultra HD & Blu-ray Promo Trailer] Watch on. Set during the height of the Vietnam War and deep in the swamps of Louisiana, a …Feb 16, 2022 ... In this video i rank the first 20 VSA's from worst to best. Join this channel to get access to perks and to help support the channel: ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar syndrome happens when acetate film is stored in a warm, humid room. These conditions cause the film to decompose. As the film starts to rot, it gives off acetic acid, the same...Vinegar Syndrome is proud to present one of our most requested titles, UNDEFEATABLE, for the first time on Blu-ray and 4K UHD, restored from the original camera negative. Also, included in this set is the rarely seen alternate Hong Kong cut released under the title BLOODY MARY KILLER. In true Godfrey Ho fashion, the …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Jan 18, 2024 ... Vinegar Syndrome has announced a 4K UHD of Southern Comfort for shipping this month. A truly nerve-wracking and atmospheric Walter Hill classic, ... Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Feb 1, 2024 · Pre-order Now. Pre-order Now. Vinegar Syndrome has announced its February batch of 4K Blu-ray and Blu-ray releases. They are: Phase IV (1974), The Playgirls and the Vampire (1960), A Man Called ... Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion …Feature films released by Vinegar Syndrome sub-labels listed by catalog number on which the film appears. Catalog number listed in Notes along with link to release on the VS site where the film is currently available (if available). Please note links to VS sites may be NSFW even if linked feature is not an adult title. NOTE 8/1/2023: As …Feb 15, 2023 ... Vinegar Syndrome begin 2023 by casting a wide net to gather a range of exploitation movies from Hong Kong, Mexico and the U.S. It's a mixed ...Note that Vinegar Syndrome presents the movie in two versions: the 118-minute director's cut is included on the 4K UHD and the first Blu-ray, while the second Blu-ray includes the 108-minute theatrical cut of the movie. Killer Condom – UHD Review: The HEVC encoded 2160p transfer, framed at 1.85.1 widescreen …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion …Nov 1, 2023 · Vinegar Syndrome has announced that it will add three new titles to its catalog later this month. They are: D.A.R.Y.L. (1985), The Prophecy 1-3 (1995-2000), and Vinegar Syndrome's Lost Picture ... starring: Tatum O'Neal, Kristy McNichol, Armand Assante, Matt Dillon, Cynthia Nixon. 1980 / 96 min / 2.35:1 / English DTS-HD MA 2.0. Additional info: Region Free UHD/Region A Blu-ray. New 4K Restoration from the Original Camera Negative, presented in HDR on the UHD disc with original stereo soundtrack. Audio Commentary with director Ron Maxwell. Posted January 1, 2024 07:04 PM by. Vinegar Syndrome has announced that it will add three new releases to its catalog later this month. They are: Southern Comfort (1981), Santet / Santet 2 (1988 ... Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ... Vinegar Syndrome is the parent company of Mélusine and one of the world’s foremost purveyors of exploitation cinema. The below selection encompasses Vinegar Syndrome’s catalog of hard and softcore classics and rarities. To peruse hundreds more of the weirdest, rarest, and most unexpected genre films ever made, head on over VinegarSyndrome.com. Vinegar Syndrome has revealed nine new upcoming partner label releases. They are: Actual People (2022), Attack of the Beast Creatures (1985), Brother's Keeper (2021), The First VCR + Cassettes Go ... Vinegar Syndrome Ultra is proud to present SOUTHERN COMFORT in 4K UHD for the first time, newly restored and loaded with extras. directed by: Walter Hill. starring: Keith Carradine, Powers Booth, Fred Ward, T.K. Carter, Peter Coyote, Lewis Smith. 1981 / 106 min / 1.85:1 / English Mono. Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Vinegar Syndrome has revealed fourteen new partner label releases. They are: Gina (1975), Calvaire (2004), Breathless (1983), GoldenEra: A Movie About The Game That Defined A Generation (2022 ...Vinegar Syndrome has announced its October batch of 4K Blu-ray and Blu-ray releases. They are: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Part 2 (1986), The Werewolf Versus the Vampire Woman (1971), Don't Open ...Ebola Syndrome - The Final Word: A true classic of the Hong Kong Cat III exploitation era, Vinegar Syndrome gives Ebola Syndrome a ridiculously strong release. The film looks better than it ever has on home video up to this point, much better than the already nice DVD release from Discotek Media from 2007, …Vinegar Syndrome Ultra. Road House. 0 out of 5 star rating. 0 Reviews. $34.99. $49.98. Edition Type. SKU: VSU-004. Quantity - +. Over 1000 left in stock. My checklist. Have it …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ... Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Note that Vinegar Syndrome presents the movie in two versions: the 118-minute director's cut is included on the 4K UHD and the first Blu-ray, while the second Blu-ray includes the 108-minute theatrical cut of the movie. Killer Condom – UHD Review: The HEVC encoded 2160p transfer, framed at 1.85.1 widescreen …Vinegar Syndrome debuts The Pink Ladies on Blu-ray in an AVC encoded 1080p high definition transfer framed at 1.85.1 taken from a new 2k scan of the original 35mm negative and it looks excellent. Detail is very, very strong here and the color reproduction is perfect. There's very little print damage here at all, nothing serious to note.Aug 18, 2022 ... Tour the Vinegar Syndrome Vault with Archivist Oscar Becher.Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion …The stress hormone cortisol carries out some important functions in the human body, including controlling inflammation, regulating blood pressure and managing reactions to stress. ...Vinegar Syndrome has revealed sixteen upcoming partner label releases. They are: Adjust Your Tracking: The Untold Story of the VHS Collector (2013), Fake It So Real (2012), Falcon Lake (2022 ...Vinegar Syndrome offers up 24-bit DTS-HD 1.0 Mono audio in Cantonese or English options, with English with subtitles provided for each version. No problems with the audio here, everything sounds clean, clear and nicely balanced without any hiss or distortion. The subtitles are easy to read and don’t have any obvious typos.From aliens to artificially-created beings, from brainwashed masses and ultra-violent indulgences, Vinegar Syndrome is proud to present Piotr Szulkin's Apocalypse Tetralogy, making its Worldwide Blu-ray debut. Pernat finds himself in a police interrogation, accused of a murder, and unable to recall any details of the crime, or even his own life.Jan 1, 2024 ... Here is Part 1 of my Vinegar Syndrome releases to date, MANY thanks to everyone that has helped me to pick these amazing editions up!Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Corruption arrives on region free Blu-ray from Vinegar Syndrome in an AVC encoded 1080p high definition transfer 'restored in 2k from 35mm archival elements' and framed at 1.78.1 widescreen. The presentation quality here, and in fact the entire disc, mirrors the 2015 release from the label. Detail is remarkably strong here while skin tones …VSA stands for Vinegar Syndrome Archive and it‘s a new sub-line of random titles specifically intended to be sold to brick and mortar retailers and focus on films made during the golden age of direct-to-video sleaze (roughly early 80s through mid 90s). Unlike our regular releases, these films will ONLY be available through our site and actual ...
Note that Vinegar Syndrome includes not only the 1:34:53 theatrical cut but also the 1:40:53 director's cut under the alternate title of Titan Find, restored in 2k and presented in high definition with DTS-HD 2.0 Stereo audio. This was sourced from "an extremely dense 35mm vault print" as no pre-print elements for the Titan …. Template form
Vinegar Syndrome has announced its March batch of 4K Blu-ray and Blu-ray releases. They are: Freeway II: Confessions of a Trickbaby (1999), Primal Rage, Dog Tags (1987), Mexican Gothic: The Films ...Vinegar Syndrome has revealed nine new upcoming partner label releases. They are: Actual People (2022), Attack of the Beast Creatures (1985), Brother's Keeper (2021), The First VCR + Cassettes Go ...Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...Tiger Claws 1-3 is part of our Vinegar Syndrome Archive collection, celebrating forgotten cinematic oddities from the video store era. This collection was inspired by our own brick & mortar video store, The Archive in Bridgeport, CT. Unique to this line, each hand numbered limited edition release will come fitted in a specially designed, bottom loading VHS …Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. Simply put, the term ‘vinegar syndrome’ describes a chemical reaction that deteriorates motion picture film over ...You can normally smell vinegar syndrome before you can see it. The side effect of the film substrate breaking down is the production of acetic acid: the biggest ...VSA stands for Vinegar Syndrome Archive and it‘s a new sub-line of random titles specifically intended to be sold to brick and mortar retailers and focus on films made during the golden age of direct-to-video sleaze (roughly early 80s through mid 90s). Unlike our regular releases, these films will ONLY be available through our site and actual ...Vinegar syndrome happens when acetate film is stored in a warm, humid room. These conditions cause the film to decompose. As the film starts to rot, it gives off acetic acid, the same...February 2024: 3 releases $159.94 (MSRP) Including: PHASE IV (UHD/BD combo), Never-on-blu early 60s Italian horror, 3-film Spanish Giallo Set. March 2024: 3 releases totaling $147.94 (MSRP) Including: UHD debut of an acclaimed 60s horror anthology, SINGAPORE SLING on BD (exclusively restored …Vinegar Syndrome's Blu-ray release of Champagne And Bullets, which is limited to 6,000 copies, will make fans of John De Hart's amazing film shimmy slide with happiness! Not only does it include the two video versions of the film but it also offers the original version newly restored with a commentary and an interview with the man himself … Vinegar Syndrome is a film restoration and distribution company with a catalogue of hundreds of feature films, produced primarily between the 1960s and 1990s. Our namesake is a constant reminder of what we’re fighting against. directed by: Rowdy Herrington. starring: Patrick Swayze, Kelly Lynch, Sam Elliott, Ben Gazzara, Kevin Tighe, Kathleen Wilhoite. 1989 / 114 min / 2.35:1 / English Stereo. Additional info: 4K Ultra HD / Region A 2-disc Blu-ray Set. 4K UHD presented in High-Dynamic-Range. Newly scanned & restored in 4K from its 35mm original camera negative. Results 1 - 20 of 963 ... Check out our collection of cult classics from Vinegar Syndrome.Purchase From Vinegar Syndrome Alien From L.A. - Movie Review: Directed by the sometimes mighty Albert Pyun for the usually mightier Cannon Films, was the writer/director of this oddball misfire that stars supermodel Kathy Ireland as nerdy and bespectacled Wanda Saknussemm, the daughter of an archeologist …Aptly named for the acidic smell of deteriorating film, Vinegar Syndrome made an auspicious debut in 2013 with its inaugural release, The Lost Films of Herschell ….